https://doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2021.3220
Morphology, clearing efficacy, and mTOR dependency of the organelle autophagoproteasome
Submitted: 15 January 2021
Accepted: 1 May 2021
Published: 1 June 2021
Accepted: 1 May 2021
Abstract Views: 864
PDF: 405
HTML: 10
HTML: 10
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
The interplay between autophagy (ATG) and ubiquitin proteasome (UP) cell-clearing systems was recently evidenced at biochemical and morphological levels, where subunits belonging to both pathways co-localize within a novel organelle named autophagoproteasome (APP). We previously documented that APP occurs at baseline conditions, while it is hindered by neurotoxicant administration. This is bound to the activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), since APP is stimulated by mTOR inhibition, which in turn, is correlated with cell protection. In this brief report, we provide novel, morphological and biochemical evidence on APP, suggesting the presence of active UP subunits within ATG vacuoles. Although a stream of interpretation considers such a merging as a catabolic pathway to clear inactive UP subunits, our data further indicate that UP-ATG merging may rather provide an empowered catalytic organelle.
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD. Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation. Science 2000;290:1717–21.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Speese SD, Trotta N, Rodesch CK, Aravamudan B, Broadie K. The ubiquitin proteasome system acutely regulates presynaptic protein turnover and synaptic efficacy. Curr Biol 2003;13:899–910.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00338-5
Hegde AN. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and synaptic plasticity. Learn Mem 2010;17:314–27.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.1504010
Münz C. Autophagy proteins in antigen processing for presentation on MHC molecules. Immunol Rev 2016;272:17–27.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.12422
Münz C. The macroautophagy machinery in endo- and exocytosis. J Mol Biol 2017;429:473-85.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2016.11.028
Vijayan V, Verstreken P. Autophagy in the presynaptic compartment in health and disease. J Cell Biol 2017;216:1895–906.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201611113
Limanaqi F, Gambardella S, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Fornai F. Epigenetic effects induced by methamphetamine and methamphetamine-dependent oxidative stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018;2018:4982453.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4982453
Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Gambardella S, Ryskalin L, Fornai F. Interdependency between autophagy and synaptic vesicle trafficking: implications for dopamine release. Front Mol Neurosci 2018,11:299.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00299
Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Ryskalin L, Fornai F. The effects of proteasome on baseline and methamphetamine-dependent dopamine transmission. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019;102:308-317.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.008
Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Ryskalin L, Polzella M, Frati A, et al. Phytochemicals bridging autophagy induction and alpha-synuclein degradation in Parkinsonism. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20:3274.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133274
Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Gaglione A, Busceti CL, Fornai F. A sentinel in the crosstalk between the nervous and immune system: The (immuno)-proteasome. Front Immunol 2019;10:628.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00628
Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Ryskalin L, Soldani P, Frati A, et al. Cell clearing systems bridging neuro-immunity and synaptic plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20:2197.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092197
Liang Y. Emerging concepts and functions of autophagy as a regulator of synaptic components and plasticity. Cells 2019;8:34.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8010034
Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Gambardella S, Familiari P, Frati A, Fornai F. Promiscuous roles of autophagy and proteasome in neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:3028.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21083028
Limanaqi F, Busceti CL, Biagioni F, Lazzeri G, Forte M, Schiavon S, et al. Cell clearing systems as targets of polyphenols in viral infections: Potential implications for COVID-19 pathogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020;9:1105.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111105
Fornai F, Lenzi P, Gesi M, Ferrucci M, Lazzeri G, Capobianco L, et al. Similarities between methamphetamine toxicity and proteasome inhibition. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1025:162-70.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1316.021
Fornai F, Schlüter O, Lenzi P, Gesi M, Ruffoli R, Ferrucci M, et al. Parkinson-like syndrome induced by continuous MPTP infusion: Convergent roles of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and alpha-synuclein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:3413–8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0409713102
Fornai F, Lazzeri G, Bandettini Di Poggio A., Soldani P, De Blasi A, Nicoletti F, et al. Convergent roles of alpha-synuclein, DA metabolism, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in nigrostriatal toxicity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006;1074:84–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1369.007
Lazzeri G, Lenzi P, Gesi M, Ferrucci M, Fulceri F, Ruggieri S, et al. In PC12 Cells Neurotoxicity Induced by Methamphetamine Is Related to Proteasome Inhibition. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006;1074:174–7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1369.017
Lazzeri G, Lenzi P, Busceti CL, Ferrucci M, Falleni A, Bruno V, et al. Mechanisms involved in the formation of dopamine-induced intracellular bodies within striatal neurons. J Neurochem 2007;101:1414–27.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04429.x
Castino R, Lazzeri G, Lenzi P, Bellio N, Follo C, Ferrucci M, et al. Suppression of autophagy precipitates neuronal cell death following low doses of methamphetamine. J Neurochem 2008;106:1426–39.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05488.x
Mashimoto T, Hadjebi O, Amair-Pinedo F, Tsurumi T, Langa F, Serikawa T, et al. Progressive Purkinje cell degeneration in tambaleante mutant mice is a consequence of a missense mutation in HERC1 E3 ubiquitin ligase. PLoS Genet 2009;5:e1000784.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000784
Friedman LG, Lachenmayer ML, Wang J, He L, Poulose SM, Komatsu M, et al. Disrupted autophagy leads to dopaminergic axon and dendrite degeneration and promotes presynaptic accumulation of α-synuclein and LRRK2 in the brain. J Neurosci 2012;32:7585–93.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5809-11.2012
Ruiz R, Pérez-Villegas EM, Bachiller S, Rosa JL, Armengol JA. HERC 1 Ubiquitin ligase mutation affects neocortical, CA3 hippocampal and spinal cord projection neurons: An ultrastructural study. Front Neuroanat 2016;10:42.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2016.00042
Sato S, Uchihara T, Fukuda T, Noda S, Kondo H, Saiki S, et al. Loss of autophagy in dopaminergic neurons causes Lewy pathology and motor dysfunction in aged mice. Sci Rep 2018;8:2813.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21325-w
Zhao J, Zhai B, Gygi SP, Goldberg AL. mTOR inhibition activates overall protein degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system as well as by autophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2015;112:15790–7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521919112
Cohen-Kaplan V, Livneh I, Avni N, Fabre B, Ziv T, Kwon YT, et al. p62-and ubiquitin-dependent stress-induced autophagy of the mammalian 26S proteasome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2016;113:E7490–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615455113
Lenzi P, Lazzeri G, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Gambardella S, Salvetti A, et al. The autophagoproteasome a novel cell clearing organelle in baseline and stimulated conditions. Front Neuroanat 2016;10:78.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2016.00078
Lazzeri G, Biagioni F, Fulceri F, Busceti CL, Scavuzzo MC, Ippolito C, et al. mTOR modulates methamphetamine-induced toxicity through cell clearing systems. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018:6124745.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6124745
Seibenhener ML, Babu JR, Geetha T, Wong HC, Krishna NR, Wooten MW. Sequestosome 1/p62 is a polyubiquitin chain binding protein involved in ubiquitin proteasome degradation. Mol Cell Biol 2004;24:8055–68.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.24.18.8055-8068.2004
Liu WJ, Ye L, Huang WF, Guo LJ, Xu ZG, Wu HL et al. p62 links the autophagy pathway and the ubiqutin-proteasome system upon ubiquitinated protein degradation. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2016;21:29.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s11658-016-0031-z
Otero MG, Alloatti M, Cromberg LE, Almenar-Queralt A, Encalada SE, Pozo Devoto VM, et al. Fast axonal transport of the proteasome complex depends on membrane interaction and molecular motor function. J Cell Sci 2014;127:1537–49.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.140780
Klionsky DJ, Abdelmohsen K, Abe A, Abedin MJ, Abeliovich H, Acevedo Arozena A, et al. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition). Autophagy 2021;17:1-382.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280
Marshall RS, Li F, Gemperline DC, Vierstra RD. Autophagic degradation of the 26S proteasome is mediated by the dual ATG8/ubiquitin receptor RPN10 in arabidopsis. Mol Cell 2015;58:1053-66.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2015.04.023
Bendayan M, Zollinger M. Ultrastructural localization of antigenic sites on osmium-fixed tissues applying the protein A-gold technique. J Histochem Cytochem 1983;31:101-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/31.1.6187796
D'Alessandro D, Mattii L, Moscato S, Bernardini N, Segnani C, Dolfi A, et al. Immunohistochemical demonstration of the small GTPase RhoAA on epoxy-resin embedded sections. Micron 2004;35:287–96.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2003.10.001
Fornai F, Gesi M, Saviozzi M, Lenzi P, Piaggi S, Ferrucci M, et al. Immunohistochemical evidence and ultrastructural compartmentalization of a new antioxidant enzyme in the rat substantia nigra. J Neurocytol 2001;30:97-105.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011973522055
Fornai F, Lenzi P, Gesi M, Soldani P, Ferrucci M, Lazzeri G, et al. Methamphetamine produces neuronal inclusions in the nigrostriatal system and in PC12 cells. J Neurochem 2003;88:114–23.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02137.x
Supporting Agencies
Ministero della Salute (Ricerca Corrente)How to Cite
Limanaqi, F., Biagioni, F. ., Salvetti, A. ., Puglisi-Allegra, S., Lenzi, P., & Fornai, F. . (2021). Morphology, clearing efficacy, and mTOR dependency of the organelle autophagoproteasome. European Journal of Histochemistry, 65(s1). https://doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2021.3220
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Giuliano Mazzini, The Feulgen reaction: from pink-magenta to rainbow fluorescent at the Maffo Vialli’s School of Histochemistry , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 68 No. 1 (2024): 1954-2024: 70 Years of Histochemical Research
- L.O.C. de Moraes, F.R. Lodi, T. S. Gomes, C.T.F. Oshima, S.R. Marques, C.L.P. Lancellotti, J.F. Rodriguez-Vázquez, J.R. Mérida-Velasco, L.G. Alonso, Immunohistochemical expression of types I and III collagen antibodies in the temporomandibular joint disc of human foetuses , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 55 No. 3 (2011)
- W.J. Liu, J. Yang, Preferentially regulated expression of connexin 43 in the developing spiral ganglion neurons and afferent terminals in post-natal rat cochlea , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 59 No. 1 (2015)
- Q. Li, F. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. Sheng, X. Han, Q. Weng, Z. Yuan, Seasonal expression of androgen receptor, aromatase, and estrogen receptor alpha and beta in the testis of the wild ground squirrel (Citellus dauricus Brandt) , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 59 No. 1 (2015)
- Antonio Monaco, Teresa Capriello, Maria C. Grimaldi, Valentina Schiano, Ida Ferrandino, Neurodegeneration in zebrafish embryos and adults after cadmium exposure , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 61 No. 4 (2017)
- Nan Li, Xue Fan, Lihong Liu, Yanbing Liu, Therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on ovarian functions through the PI3K/Akt cascade in mice with premature ovarian failure , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 67 No. 3 (2023)
- Y. Zhang, J. Wang, X. Cheng, B. Yi, X. Zhang, Q. Li, Apigenin induces dermal collagen synthesis via smad2/3 signaling pathway , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 59 No. 2 (2015)
- C.A. May, I. Osterland, Merkel cell distribution in the human eyelid , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 57 No. 4 (2013)
- P Taupin, Processing scarce biological samples for light and transmission electron microscopy , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 52 No. 2 (2008)
- P. Donizy, A. Halon, P. Surowiak, G. Pietrzyk, C. Kozyra, R. Matkowski, Correlation between PARP-1 immunoreactivity and cytomorphological features of parthanatos, a specific cellular death in breast cancer cells , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 57 No. 4 (2013)
<< < 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
