https://doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2021.3274
Postsynaptic cleft density changes with combined exercise protocols in an experimental model of muscular hypertrophy
Submitted: 15 May 2021
Accepted: 14 July 2021
Published: 4 August 2021
Accepted: 14 July 2021
Abstract Views: 822
PDF: 388
HTML: 10
HTML: 10
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
The vertical ladder-based protocols contribute to the NMJ junction's adaptations, and when combined with and without load, can be potentiated. The present study aimed to investigate postsynaptic regions of the biceps brachii muscle in adult male Wistar rats submitted to different vertical ladder-based protocols (Sedentary - S; Climbing - C; Climbing with Load - LC and Combined Climbing - CC). The protocols (C, LC, CC) were performed in 24 sessions, 3 x/week, for 8 weeks. The myofibrillar ATPase analysis showed an increase in cross-sectional area (CSA) of the muscle fibers Type I in all trained Groups; Type II in C and LC and reduction in CC; Type IIx higher in all trained Groups. In the postsynaptic cleft, the stained area presents smaller in Groups C, LC, and CC; the total area showed smaller than LC and higher in C and CC. The stained and total perimeter, and dispersion showed a reduction in C, LC, and CC, higher maximum diameter in Groups C and CC, and decreased in LC. Regarding the postsynaptic cleft distribution, the stained area presented a decrease in all trained Groups. The integrated density presented higher principally in CC. The NMJ count showed an increase in all trained Groups. We concluded that the vertical ladder-based protocols combined contributed to the postsynaptic region adaptations.
Darabid H, Perez-Gonzalez AP, Robitaille R. Neuromuscular synaptogenesis: coordinating partners with multiple functions. Nat Rev Neurosci 2014;15;703-18.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3821
Li L, Xiong WC, Me IL. Neuromuscular junction formation, aging, and disorders. Ann Rev Physio 2018;80:159-88.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034255
Murray LM, Comley LH, Thomson D, Parkinson N, Talbot K, Gillingwater TH. Selective vulnerability of motor neurons and dissociation of pre-and post-synaptic pathology at the neuromuscular junction in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2008;17:949-62.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddm367
Shen, Lu Y, Zhang B, Figueiredo D, Bean J, Jung J, et al. Antibodies against low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 induce myasthenia gravis. J Clin Invest 2013;123:5190-202.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI66039
Krause Neto W, Silva W, Ciena AP, Bocalini D, Anaruma C, Gama E. Divergent effects of resistance training and anabolic steroid on the postsynaptic region of different skeletal muscles of aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2017;80-90.
Tu WY, Xu W, Zhang K, Shen C. Whole-mount staining of neuromuscular junctions in adult mouse diaphragms with a sandwich-like apparatus. J Neurosci Meth 2020;350:109016.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.109016
Rocha LC, Jacob C dos S, Barbosa GK, Pimentel Neto JP, Krause Neto W, Gama EF, et al. Remodeling of the skeletal muscle and postsynaptic component after short-term joint immobilization and aquatic training. Histochem Cell Biol 2020;154:621-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-020-01910-9
Tajsharghi, H. Thick and thin filament gene mutations in striated muscle diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2008;9:1259-75.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9071259
Wu H, Xiong WC, Mei L. To build a synapse: signaling pathways in neuromuscular junction assembly. Development 2010;137:1017-33.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.038711
Farenia R, Lesmana R, Uchida K, Iwasaki T, Koibuchi N, Shimokawa N. Changes in biomarker levels and myofiber constitution in rat soleus muscle at different exercise intensities. Mol Cell Biochem 2019;458:9–87.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-019-03532-9
Wilson MH, Deschenes MR. The neuromuscular junction: anatomical features and adaptations to various forms of increased or decreased neuromuscular activity. Int J Neurosci 2005;115:803–28.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207450590882172
Lovering RM, Iyer SR, Edwards B, Davies KE. Alterations of neuromuscular junctions in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurosci Lett 2020;737:135304.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135304
Gonzalez-Freire M, Semba RD, Ubaida-Mohein C, Fabbri E, Scalzo P, Hojlund K, et al. The human skeletal muscle proteome project: a reappraisal of the current literature. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016;8:5-18.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12121
Deschenes MR, Hurst TE, Ramser AE, Sherman EG. Presynaptic to postsynaptic relationships of the neuromuscular junction are held constant across age and muscle fiber type. Dev Neurobiol 2013;73:744-53.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dneu.22095
Deschenes MR, Sherman EG, Roby MA, Glass EK, Harris MB. Effect of resistance training on neuromuscular junctions of young and aged muscles featuring different recruitment patterns. J Neurosci Resh 2015;93:504-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.23495
Deschenes MR, Tufts HL, LI S, Noronha AL, Adan MA. Effects of exercise training on neuromuscular junctions and their active zones in young and aged muscles. Neurobiol Aging 2020;95:1–8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.001
Krause Neto W, Silva W, Ciena AP, Bocalini D, Nucci R, et al. Total training load may explain similar strength gains and muscle hypertrophy seen in aged rats submitted to resistance training and anabolic steroids. Aging Male 2018;21:65-76.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2017.1365832
Rocha LC, Pimentel Neto JP, Sant’Ana JS, Jacob C dos S, Barbosa GK, Krause Neto W, et al. Repercussions on sarcomeres of the myotendinous junction and the myofibrillar type adaptations in response to different trainings on vertical ladder. Microsc Res Techn 2020;83:1190-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23510
Krause Neto W, Silva WA, Ciena AP, Nucci RAB, Anaruma CA, Gama EF. Effects of strength training and anabolic steroid in the peripheral nerve and skeletal muscle morphology of aged rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2017;9:205.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00205
Pimentel Neto J, Rocha LC, Klein G.B, Jacob C dos S, Krause Neto W, Watanabe I, et al. Myotendinous junction adaptations to ladder-based resistance training: identification of a new telocyte niche. Sci Rep 2020;10:14124.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70971-6
Krause Neto WN, Silva W, Ciena AP, Bocalini D, Anaruma C, Gama E. Divergent effects of resistance training and anabolic steroid on the postsynaptic region of different skeletal muscles of aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2017;98:80-90.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.018
Lourenço I, Krause Neto W, Amorim LSP, Ortiz VMM, Geraldo VL, Ferreira GHS, et al. Muscle hypertrophy and ladder-based resistance training for rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physio Rep 2020;8:14502.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14502
Hornberger TAJ, Farrar RP. Physiological hypertrophy of the FHL muscle following 8 weeks of progressive resistance exercise in the rat. Can J Appl Physiol 2004;29:16-31.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/h04-002
Jones RA, Reich CD, Dissanayake KN, Kristmundsdottir F, Findlater GS, Ribchester RR, et al. NMJ-morph reveals principal components of synaptic morphology influencing structure – Function relationships at the neuromuscular junction. Open Biol 2017;6:160240.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160240
Fuentes I, Cobos AR, Segade LAG. Muscle fibre types and their distribution in the biceps and triceps brachii of the rat and rabbit. J Anat 1998;192:203-10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19220203.x
Gundersen K. Excitation-transcription coupling in skeletal muscle: the molecular pathways of exercise. Biol Rev 2011;86:564–600.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00161.x
Talbot J, Maves L. Skeletal muscle fiber type: using insights from muscle developmental biology to dissect targets for susceptibility and resistance to muscle disease. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol 2016;5:518-34.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.230
Qaisar R, Bhaskaran S, Van Remmen H. Muscle fiber type diversification during exercise and regeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2016;98:56–67.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.025
Pette D. Training effects on the contractile apparatus. Acta Physiol Scand 1998;162:367-76.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-201X.1998.0296e.x
Schiaffino S, Reggiani C. Fiber types in mammalian skeletal muscles. Physiol Rev 2011;91:1447-31.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00031.2010
Jorgensen KW, Phillips SM, Hornberger TA. Identifying the structural adaptations that drive the mechanical load‐induced growth of skeletal muscle: A scoping review. Cells 2020;9:1658.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9071658
Esbjörnsson M, Hellsten-Westing Y, Balsom PD, Sjödin B, Jansson E. Muscle fibre type changes with sprint training: effect of training pattern. Acta Physiol Scand 1993;149:245-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1993.tb09618.x
Chen J, Mizushige T, Nishimune H. Active zone density is conserved during synaptic growth but impaired in aged mice. J Comp Neurol 2012;520:434-52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.22764
Neher E. Vesicle pools and Ca21 microdomains: Review new tools for understanding their roles in neurotransmitter release. Neuron 1998;20:389–99.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80983-6
Deschenes MR, Roby MA, Glass EK. Aging influences adaptations of the neuromuscular junction to endurance training. Neuroscience 2011;190:56–66.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.05.070
Arnold AS, Gill J, Christe M, Ruiz R, Mcguirk S, St-Pierre J, et al. Morphological and functional remodelling of the neuromuscular junction by skeletal muscle PGC-1α. Nat Comm 2014;5:3569.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4569
Tintignac LA, Brenner HR, Rüegg MA. Mechanisms regulating neuromuscular junction development and function and causes of muscle wasting. Physiol Rev 2015;95:809-52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00033.2014
Jianjun MA, Smith BP, Smith TL, Walker FO, Rosencrance EV, Koman LA. Juvenile and adult rat neuromuscular junctions: density, distribution, and morphology. Muscle Nerve 2002;26:804-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.10272
Häkkinen K, Alen M, Kraemer WJ, Gorostiaga E, Izquierdo M, Rusko H, et al. Neuromuscular adaptations during concurrent strength and endurance training versus strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003;89:42-52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-002-0751-9
Fyfe JJ, Bishop DJ, Stepto NK. Interference between concurrent resistance and endurance exercise: molecular bases and the role of individual training variables. Sports Med 2014;44:743-62.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0162-1
Lourenco MV, Frozza RL, de Freitas GB. Exercise-linked FNDC5/irisin rescues synaptic plasticity and memory defects in Alzheimer’s models. Nat Med 2019;25:165-75.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0275-4
Feng YS, Yang SD, Tan ZX, Wang MM, Xing Y, Dong F, et al. The benefits and mechanisms of exercise training for Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 2020;245:117345.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117345
Pimentel J, Tojal R, Morgado J. Epilepsy and physical exercise. Seizure 2015;25:87-94.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2014.09.015
Supporting Agencies
FAPESP, Grants #2017/12525-1, #2017/21977-3, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), PROPG edital 05/2021, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Code 001How to Cite
Pimentel Neto, J. ., Rocha, L. C., dos Santos Jacob, C. ., Klein Barbosa, G. ., & Ciena, A. P. (2021). Postsynaptic cleft density changes with combined exercise protocols in an experimental model of muscular hypertrophy. European Journal of Histochemistry, 65(s1). https://doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2021.3274
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- N.P.E. Kadoglou, P. Moustardas, A. Kapelouzou, M. Katsimpoulas, A. Giagini, E. Dede, N. Kostomitsopoulos, P.E. Karayannacos, A. Kostakis, C.D. Liapis, The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with diabetic atherosclerosis , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 57 No. 1 (2013)
- Simone Carotti, Giuseppe Perrone, Michelina Amato, Umberto Vespasiani Gentilucci, Daniela Righi, Maria Francesconi, Claudio Pellegrini, Francesca Zalfa, Maria Zingariello, Antonio Picardi, Andrea Onetti Muda, Sergio Morini, Reelin expression in human liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 61 No. 1 (2017)
- M. Aita, F. Benedetti, E. Carafelli, E. Caccia, N. Romano, Effects of hypophyseal or thymic allograft on thymus development in partially decerebrate chicken embryos: expression of PCNA and CD3 markers , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 54 No. 3 (2010)
- G. Musumeci, P. Castrogiovanni, V. Mazzone, M.A. Szychlinska, S. Castorina, C. Loreto, Histochemistry as a unique approach for investigating normal and osteoarthritic cartilage , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 58 No. 2 (2014)
- A. Bolekova, T. Spakovska, D. Kluchova, S. Toth, J. Vesela, NADPH-diaphorase expression in the rat jejunum after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 55 No. 3 (2011)
- Cristina Pirrone, Anna M. Chiaravalli, Alessandro Marando, Andrea Conti, Alessia Rainero, Andrea Pistochini, Francesco Lo Curto, Francesco Pasquali, Paolo Castelnuovo, Carlo Capella, Giovanni Porta, OTX1 and OTX2 as possible molecular markers of sinonasal carcinomas and olfactory neuroblastomas , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 61 No. 1 (2017)
- S. Nemolato, P. Van Eyken, T. Cabras, F. Cau, M.U. Fanari, A. Locci, D. Fanni, C.L.P. Gerosa, I. Messana, M. Castagnola, G. Faa, Expression pattern of thymosin beta 4 in the adult human liver , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 55 No. 3 (2011)
- H. Anwar, Z.U. Rahman, F. Muhammad, I. Javed, Immunohistochemical localization and morphometry of somatotrophs and lactotrophs in protein, probiotic and symbiotic supplemented molted layers , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 56 No. 3 (2012)
- Susan Brooks, Lectins as versatile tools to explore cellular glycosylation , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 68 No. 1 (2024): 1954-2024: 70 Years of Histochemical Research
- M. Salemi, A. E. Calogero, G. Zaccarello, R. Castiglione, A. Cosentino, C. Campagna, E. Vicari, G. Rappazzo, Expression of SPANX proteins in normal prostatic tissue and in prostate cancer , European Journal of Histochemistry: Vol. 54 No. 3 (2010)
<< < 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
